Hong Kong Tramways book

It’s my greatest pleasure collaborating with John Prentice on this first-class book of Hong Kong Tramways. Amazingly, John and I haven’t meet in person – we started contact via emails when I was impressed by his large size HK tram model. We worked on this book with the office of Mr. W. H. Tsang who has been acknowledged, just as the co-authors, Peter Atkinson and Alan Williams of the first edition had done with generous assistance from Mr. J H W Salmon.

John visited Hong Kong in 1981,  1990 and 2005 and supplied numerous valuable photos in the book. He is the Chairman of the Tramway & Light Railway Society, a registered educational charity that spreads knowledge about tramway history and tramway modelling, John also organizes the annual event, Festival of Model Tramways, a gathering of model tram enthusiasts.

Alan Williams served in the Royal Navy and worked with Atkinson on the first edition in 1965, published in 1970. Being a tram enthusiast and tram driver, Alan has enjoyed his time working with us for this book and is happy with our new edition. He set up the Tramalan kit of his beloved Hong Kong trams of 1950s style and regularly visits Hong Kong.

On 9 February afternoon, Alan visited the Whitty Street tram depot, accompanied by Antoine Sambin, Commercial & Corporate Affairs Manager. The workshop is unique – trams are built in-house, the individual parts are produced in-house too. It’s memorable for Alan holds the 1st edition book together with Antoine holds the new edition.

It’s generous of the co-authors, Alan and John, to sign their names in the book. A pity is Peter cannot be with us.

Steven Chan, senior engineering manager for Hong Kong Tramways, praised the outcome of the new edition. Chan was an aircraft mechanic before joining the company in 1996, drew up the plans for electrical upgrades on trams, keep using DIY equipment and homespun techniques. Chan has retired and working as consultant for HKT.

I took a view of the book and tram 120 together before sending a copy to Wirral Transport Museum, where two HK trams of 1950s style are running. A great surprise received from the museum on 21 January when the volunteers showed the book with two HK trams parked ‘face to face’. It is definitely a special crossover for both trams in HK and UK, feeling like they are running together.

 

Yip Woon-cheong has worked for Hong Kong Tramways for over 40 years, introduced by his uncle. Yip’s parents and brother also worked on the trams. He joined the company in 1965 and became an inspector then promoted to senior inspector (副總稽查), training the drivers until his retirement. Yip is a ‘dictionary on trams’ and has a great collection of tram models. The photos in the book bring back his memories.

 

I have to also express gratitude to Tim Runnacles (溫禮高), who supplied fruitful pictures and descriptions for the post-1970 section. Tim was a Chief Transport Officer of the Transport Department, worked on the Tuen Mun LRT scheme from 1977 to 1985, and associated with Hong Kong Tramways and the Peak Tram from 1985 to 1993.  He also undertook a consultancy study of HKT for Transport Department from 1999 to 2001.

The management of HK Tramways is impressed on the fruitful book contents, and is now available on sale on HKT website.

https://hktramways.com/en/tram-souvenirs-detail/37/

Detailed book reviews can be found from the below pdf and the link.

BookReviews-TF300

http://www.orientalmodelbuses.co.uk/Books/HKT-3.htm

120號


 

 120

120號的魅力,在其懷舊的外表。120號有什麼獨特的歷史意義呢?要從戰後說起。

這張舊照展現了50年代戰後不久的中環德輔道中電車恢復服務的景象,細看之下,中間一部電車的路線牌比前方的「戰前式」電車細,就是120號。

二戰結束後,車隊受戰火破壞需要重建。1949年最後一部「戰前式」電車119號出廠後,新任總經理兼總工程師莊士敦 (CS Johnston) 設計一款更為流線型的電車,這就是「戰後式」電車 (Post-war tram)。120號是第一部的樣版車 (prototype),1949年10月19日正式行走。

 

120號出廠初期,仍然保留「戰前式」電車使用的救生網,前門連接一條通往上層的直樓梯,左邊車身下層的路線牌置於較後位置,上層前後車窗未有安全圍欄 (safety bar),車頭前端亦未裝上遮陽板 (sun visor) (箭咀示)。

 

 

 

外觀方面,原裝120號有四大特點:

◆上層前後車窗較大

◆上層前後車窗有安全圍欄

◆路線牌在中央

◆車身高15呎,比一般電車略高2.75吋

 

早期的120號和所有「戰後式」電車一樣,電車車身髹上深綠色 (Brunswick green), 窗框髹上啡色。兩邊旁板標有“HONGKONG TRAMWAYS LIMITED”字樣。

 

這張50年代初期的灣仔莊士敦道,120號載滿乘客,相信正在試車,不過上層乘客集中在沒有圍欄的車頭,尤其是站着的真是頗為驚險。其後為防止乘客跌出窗外,120號在上層前後車窗加裝了安全圍欄。

 

其後參照120號建造的「戰後式」電車 (1-119, 121-162),路線牌改低,上層前後車窗細4吋,沒有扶手。下圖可以見到兩款車身的分別。

車廂方面,120號座位總數為68,比「戰後式」電車的63為多。上層為2+1式籐椅,下層為直排對坐長櫈,頭等乘客在前門上落,三等乘客則在尾門上落。

 

 

電車在1972年取消等級,左邊車尾加設一條旋轉樓梯,由於跨過長櫈,因而形成了一個暗格位。1977年電車取消售票員,尾門安裝旋轉閘 (turnstiles),並在車頭安裝收費錢箱。自此乘客上落車付款的模式便定型為「後上前落,落車畀錢」,維持至今。

 

 

1979年7月29日,電車公司特意安排了120號用作私人派對專車,讓一眾公司同事在車上舉行派對慶祝成立75週年。車身掛有寫上“75 Years of Electric Tramways July 1904 – July 1979   七十五週年電車紀念日”的橫額。120號的車身亦換上淺綠色 (Tramways green),窗框髹上深綠色。這次相信是旅遊車出現前,首次有電車用作「電車派對」的服務。

 

1987年電車進行車身重建,120號和其他「戰後式」電車一樣,車身結構已出現老化耗損,初時電車公司有意將120號原車保留,亦嘗試將救生網閘 (life-guard gate) 和救生網盤 (life-guard tray) 拆除换上泵把 (bumper)。

 

 

事實上,當救生網閘受到撞擊時,連接的救生網盤會垂下,防止乘客被捲入車底受傷,具有安全的作用。

 

 

 

1987年至1991年期間,120號由散件式廣告換成一個手錶全車身廣告,直到退役。

為了延續120號的歷史,1991年10月,電車公司決定將原車120號退役拆毀,由Leeway建造新車身,以砌車的方式將同期退役的86號的部分車件,如下層長櫈和散件廣告舊物再用,令120號重生。下層櫈底的「86」字樣,可以證明是源自退役的舊86號。車廂下層亦特別裝有一塊水牌,說明是仿照當時年代而建造。

水牌以中英文刻上題字:

「此電車由香港電車公司製成   仿一九四九年時之款式藉以保留香港該年代作為存念」

“Hong Kong Tramways Ltd This tram has been restored to the 1949 style to preserve Hong Kong’s heritage”

這是1991年退役前的120號 (左) 和復刻版120號的上層照片對照。值得留意的是上層座椅的排位。舊120號是1+2模式,不過原來復刻版120號初期是2+1模式,其後才改回和舊120號一樣。

1992年建造予英國西北的Wirral電車博物館的69和70號,2012年建造予海洋公園“香港老大街”的201號,同樣按照現時120號的車身設計。不同的是兩部在英國的電車是行走標準軌距 (1,435mm)。

所有「戰後式」電車的下層車尾,都有一個電阻箱 (resistor box),行車時外表會燙熱,乘客有機會被燙傷。2001年,復刻版120號基於安全緣故,將車尾的電阻箱移到車頂。

現時只有旅遊電車28,128號和遊覽電車68號仍然保留電阻箱的位置,並標有「小心燙手」的字句。

 

 

 

2017年2月,120號進行車身內外大修,換上全新的散件式廣告,並翻髹水牌。

因此,復刻版120號是取代了1949年的120號,結合了原裝120號 (上層前後大窗) 和戰後式 (路線牌較低) 的特點,同時保留了車底的救生網 (lifeguards)和英式控制器 (controller)。而車廂的圓形燈泡和籐椅,在其餘電車使用光管和塑膠椅的對比下,更顯特色。

 

 

 

 

重溫復刻版120號報導:

二戰重光後第一部電車 120號電車今日69歲生日 2018.10.19

香港唯一復刻電車 復修後掀追蹤熱 2017.07.04

 

香港電車車款列表 | Fleet breakdown of HK Tramways

【香港電車車款列表】

一直以來,電車沒有明確分代。雙層電車由開篷式改良至帆布上蓋到木頂,其實只是上一代電車的改良版。將電車以七代區分,並不全面。

由款式、年份和號碼著手,可以將電車分成以下六款:

1. 單層:1904年 (頭等 ∕三等)
2. 雙層 (開篷無頂)
3. 全密封雙層:1925年
4. 戰後式:1949年
5. 1987年系列
6. 鋁製電車:2011年

我們認為,以六個款式加上年份的分法,有助區分所有電車。

不過要從舊照片考究上世紀的電車號碼,難度極高,能清晰顯示車號的很少。

以12號為例,有加裝木頂上層的12號,60年代的拖卡亦有12號,和戰後式12號同時行走。若按照分七代,那拖卡是第幾代? 在欠缺年份的前提下,這種劃分明顯不夠全面。

按照六個款式的分法,12號可以分為:

1. 單層:1904年 (三等)
2. 雙層 (開篷無頂) :無
3. 全密封雙層:1925年
4. 戰後式:1952年
5. 1987年系列
6. 鋁製電車:2016年

* 12號是第一部1987年系列電車

 

附件的列表,在六個款式的基礎上,進一步結合了年份、號碼、款式和製造商來說明電車歷年的演變。

例如68號的始祖是帆布上蓋、88號的始祖是戰前式、現時的120號是仿1949年款式、171號前身是冷氣電車…等等。除英國外,太古和黃埔船塢,過往是建造電車的合作企業。

至於千禧年製造的千禧電車,只有4部,不是全面取代現有車隊,因此不適用於分代。

HKT-C

[Fleet breakdown of HK Tramways]

Generally there is no specific/official “generation” categories on tramcars. As many of the cars in one generation were in fact just modifications of the previous, such as open top cars fitted with canvas roofs and then wooden roofs. This is not a clear classification to tram types.

Trams can be categorized in six types based on numbers, dates and styles. See below:

1. Single-deck: 1904 (1st class/3rd class)
2. Double-deck (open-top)
3. Double-deck fully enclosed: 1925
4. Post-war: 1949
5. 1987 series
6. 2011 Signature

We believe using ‘six-types and dates’ is able to categorize all the trams.

However, it’s difficult in researching precedent tram numbers from old photos due to rare clear views.

Wooden roof and trailers applied on no.12, of which trailer 12 run together with postwar 12 in 1960s. What “generation” belong to if according to “seven generations”? Obviously, it’s incomplete category without dates.

By using six types, tram 12 can be categorized:

1. Single-deck: 1904 (3rd class)
2. Double-deck (open-top): nil
3. Double-deck fully enclosed: 1925
4. Post-war: 1952
5. 1987 series
6. 2011 Signature: 2016

* 12 was the 1st tram of 1987 series

Based on six types of trams, we created a detailed database by dates, numbers, types and builders, to indicate the changes on fleet.

For instance, the ancestors of 68 and 88 were canvas top and prewar style, respectively, current 120 is replica of 1949 style, 171 was the 1st aircon tram, etc.. Worth noting that Taikoo and Whampoa dockyards were the former co-builders of HK Tramways.

As to the Millennium trams built in year 2000, it’s not applicable to categorize as “generation” as only four were built and not in place of the entire fleet.

HKT-E

2017 Annual News

【2017年 Hong Kong Tramways 香港電車 大事回顧】

1.28 • 港版”戰後式”電車69, 70號於Wirral電車博物館越洋賀歲
4.6 • 123號翻車意外,12月中復出
5.26 • 更換新標誌,車隊以”微笑電車”亮相
6.14 • 120號久休復出
6.26 • 電車與九巴首次合作提供轉乘優惠
8.25 • 城規會成功否決取消電車
11.29 • 香港總商會第7年免費乘搭日

【2017 HK Tramways annual news】

1.28 • Postwar HK 69 & 70 celebrated Chinese New Year at Wirral Transport Museum & Heritage Tramway

4.6 • Tram 123 overturned and resumed service in mid-Dec

5.26 • Launch of new logo with “dingdingsmile” fleet

6.14 • Tram 120 resumed service after refurbishment

6.26 • KMB x Tram 1st joint interchange discount

8.25 • Town Planning Board rejected the tramway cancellation

11.29 • seventh Free Ride Day organized by HKGCC